St. Helena, Mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I

St. Helena, Mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I Helena was the mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I.  She was considered a  saint in the eastern and western churches, reported to be the discoverer of the true cross. Dates: About 248 CE to about 328 CE; her birth year is estimated from a report by the contemporary historian Eusebius that she was about 80 near the time of her death.Feast Day: August 19 in the western church, and May 21 in the eastern church. Also known as:  Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta, Saint Helena Helenas Origin The historian Procopius reports that Constantine named a city in Bithynia, Asia Minor, Helenopolis, to honor her birthplace, which implies but not with certainty that she was born there. That location is now in Turkey. Britain has been claimed as her birthplace, but that claim is unlikely, based on a medieval legend retold by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The claim that she was Jewish is also unlikely to be true. Trier (now in Germany) was claimed as her birthplace in 9th and 11th-century lives of Helena, but thats also unlikely to be accurate. Helenas Marriage Helena met an aristocrat, Constantius Chlorus, perhaps while he was among those fighting Zenobia. Some later sources allege they met in Britain. Whether they married legally or not is a matter of dispute among historians. Their son, Constantine, was born about 272. Its also not known whether Helena and Constantius had other children. Little is known of Helenas life for more than 30 years after her son was born. Constantius achieved higher and higher rank first under Diocletian, and then under his co-emperor Maximian. In 293 to 305, Constantius served as Caesar with Maximian as Augustus in the Tetrarchy. Constantius was married in 289 to Theodora, daughter of Maximian; either Helena and Constantius had divorced by that point, he had renounced the marriage, or they were never married. In 305, Maximian passed the title of Augustus to Constantius. As Constantius was dying in 306, he proclaimed his son by Helena, Constantine, as his successor. That succession seems to have been decided during Maximians lifetime. But that bypassed the younger sons of Constantius by Theodora, which would later be grounds for contention about the imperial succession. Mother of an Emperor When Constantine became emperor, Helenas fortunes changed, and she appears back in the public view. She was made nobilissima femina, noble lady. She was granted much land around Rome. By some accounts, including Eusebius of Caesarea, a major source for information about Constantine, in about 312 Constantine convinced his mother, Helena, to become a Christian. In some later accounts, both Constantius and Helena were said to have been Christians earlier. In 324, as Constantine won major battles ending the civil war in the wake of the failure of the Tetrarchy, Helena was granted the title of Augusta by her son, and again she received financial rewards with the recognition. Helena was involved in a family tragedy.  One of her grandsons, Crispus, was accused by his stepmother, Constantines second wife, Fausta, of trying to seduce her. Constantine had him  executed. Then Helena accused Fausta, and Constantine had Fausta executed as well.  Helenas grief was said to be behind her decision to visit the Holy Land. Travels In about 326 or 327, Helena traveled to Palestine on an official inspection for her son of the construction of churches that he had ordered. Although the earliest stories of this journey omit any mention of Helenas role in the discovery of the True Cross (on which Jesus was crucified, and which became a popular relic), later in the century she began to be credited by Christian writers with that find. In Jerusalem, she is credited with having a temple to Venus (or Jupiter) torn down and replaced with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, where the cross was supposed to have been discovered. On that journey, she also is reported to have ordered built a church on the location identified with the burning bush in the story of Moses. Other relics she is credited with finding on her travels were nails from the crucifixion and a tunic worn by Jesus before his crucifixion. Her palace in Jerusalem was converted to the Basilica of the Holy Cross. Death Her death at perhaps Trier in 328 or 329 was followed by her burial at a mausoleum near the Basilica of St. Peter and St. Marcellinus near Rome, built on some of the lands which had been granted to Helena before Constantine was emperor. As happened with some other Christian saints, some of her bones were sent as relics to other locations. St. Helena was a popular saint in medieval Europe, with many legends told about her life. She was considered a model for a good Christian woman ruler.

A COUNTRY BOY CAN SURVIVE

When asked What is constituting a redneck? Various answers are wonderful. The people of the country are regarded as drunk, racist, useless people, even Monticello. I lived in Monticello for 16 years, most of them are in rural areas, but not all. As it is certainly the atmosphere we are looking for, we chose Monticello to do research. To become a country man here, you must have some qualities like a big track like a rebellious flag, and you have to wear the right way. I grew up in a world I rarely experience. This is the unpaved road and track pickup world. When I sang a route from Northern California to South Alabama during the country boy where Hank Williams Jr. could survive, he was really singing my northern California. 4 hours, FFA, Bath Splash Party, High School Soccer. It is free. The period before the phone. Curfew is the only true limit. As long as we get home somewhere at midnight, we can solve any troubles we want. We are Cinderella, a rural man who went home from the backi ng ball. One day, a young couple named Maltese and John found a boy sleeping in the old chair of the front porch. His arrival is as marvelous as possible. I have never heard that everyone goes to a small farm walking on an unpaved road. There is only one clue. There was a handwritten note in my pocket. But as the days and weeks expanded, Marta and John have not said a word yet, but I liked Jelly Beans and found out that I liked it on any surface. I'm very happy to play with drums, my dogs, Beagle dogs, family cows. Most importantly, he is a very enthusiastic and proficient artist who creates not only capricious and fantasy scenes, but also landscapes full of blue trees, red roads and purple animals. Is this probably a clue to his hometown? You can ask this question nationwide, but I ask this boy everyday. Who is the villain in the country where killers in neighboring countries can walk freely? Who survives the corn meal that was excluded after the family villain and the boys were ap proved by his parents? Who is the villain when your escaped citizen causes conflict in neighboring countries? Maybe we are asking the wrong question. In order to enjoy this benefit, you have to look at past negative factors. These are the issues covered in William Golding's novel The Lord of the Flies. The story is a story of a group of young boys who were forced to learn how to survive on an island surviving in an airplane accident. Through the story, the boys change each other, open each other, and eventually they will fight between them. The Lord's Lord casts doubts about the effects of innocence, civilization, and power. Ralf immediately began leading the boys. These boys can light a fire, but Jack encourages them to concentrate on hunting rather than fire. Fire is out of control. The little boy disappeared and was presumed to have died.

Asset Forfeiture as a Tool in Combating Terrorist Financing Essay

Asset Forfeiture as a Tool in Combating Terrorist Financing - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that asset forfeiture can be employed as a tool against terrorist financing to control this crime. â€Å"Asset forfeiture laws allow for the seizure (and eventual forfeiture) of property connected with criminal activity†. In addition, Worrall informs, â€Å"forfeiture extends beyond criminal proceeds to include property that is used to facilitate or carry out criminal activity. Such forfeitures can include property that â€Å"is used or intended to be used in any manner or part to commit or facilitate the commission of a violation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Therefore, asset forfeiture is a confiscation of the assets that are part of a criminal activity and among such criminal activities, terrorism is of superior quality as it affects a wide number of people nationally as well as internationally. The law enforcement agencies working in the USA are of the opinion that asset forfeiture is a fruitful way to combat against terrorist financing. Eric Green informs that money laundering and terrorist financing are such criminal activities that can be controlled by means of asset forfeiture, as â€Å"the criminal proceeds† will be taken away from â€Å"the criminals†. The illegal forces are somewhat dejected to stop their unlawful activities and the proceeds can be utilized for building purposes. According to Green, â€Å"Asset sharing enhances international forfeiture cooperation by creating an incentive for countries to work together, regardless of where the assets are located or which jurisdiction will ultimately enforce the forfeiture order.†Ã¢â‚¬  Therefore, asset forfeiture to control terrorist financing can be used for increasing cooperation between countries and this cooperation is also for combating against terrorism financing internationally. Asset forfeiture is also categorized by some critics as an effort to rob people of their rights under jurisdiction. They claim that government tries to snatch away people’s property making them liable for any criminal activity whether they are indulged in it or not (Levy, 1996). There should be proper lawful activity and the accuser should be facilitated with a right to fight for his right. Otherwise, law enforcement officials consider it their right to confiscate any one from his assets accusing him of involving in any kind of crime (Levy, 1996). To combat terrorist financing, the government of USA has taken enough measures out of which, categorization of suspicious activities is one. Incoherent account transactions, high amount of inward bound and outward account transactions without any specified purpose or reason, transference of large amounts of money from one bank account to another on the name of charities with no particular need and so on. All the mentioned activities point towards suspicious activities and come under suspicion in terms of terrorist financing and require a check from law enforcement agencies. If the people using account for any suspicious activity are caught and there are proofs for terrorist financing, then asset forfeiture or confiscation is taken as a crucial step by law enforcement authorities with prior permission from government bodies (Rush & Hackett, 2004). Credit card fraud, smuggling, welfare fraud, trading, money laundering methods for funds transfers and much more are employed by terrorists on international basis for transferring and using money for terrorist activities (Levy, 1996). According to The Economist (2005), â€Å"Many experts, both in government and the private sector, admit that the chances of detecting terrorists' funds in a bank sufficiently far in advance of a planned attack that it can be prevented are incredibly small.† Because of minimized chances to stop such activities and financial transactions, the government and law enforcement agencies carry a higher responsibility to find solutions to handle international

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History - Essay Example 1). The term 'Black Death' can refer to either the pneumonic plague or the bubonic plague. â€Å"The pneumonic plague is the deadlier of the two diseases killing its victims is two to three days† (Spielvogel, 2003, p. 275). It was strongest in the larger cities because of the dense populations that lived there and the less sanitary conditions that could be maintained in these urban areas. â€Å"The plague would visit an area, last for about a year, kill about one-third of the population, and move on. †¦ Most historians believe that between 1347 and 1351, at least one-third of Europe’s total human population (20 to 30 million people) died† (Piccolo, 2004). Deaths alone were not the only by-product of the Plague, though. The way the church handled the crisis and the large number of deaths that took place affected the economic, social and political landscape of this large region of the world. The first outbreak of the plague was strongest in the poorer sections of the city because these people were more likely to live in unsanitary conditions and had limited means by which to protect their health. Modern science is able to confirm the Plague was spread by the rat flea who took the disease from the rat and spread it to the human population, so areas that were infested with rats were among the first to show symptoms (Gottfried, 1983). ... Frightened churchmen shut up their churches and fled to the country as did many people in the secular world (Luftus et al, 1999). Because of their ineffectiveness in the crisis, the church lost a great deal of its authority and leadership and the people began to question whether it should ever have held that position. Many people assumed God was angry with them and much more penitent and harsh religious practices were developed to appease God’s wrath through sacrifice. Economic conditions changed dramatically as competitors from other countries entered the market through the development of the guilds. The guilds changed economic conditions for individual citizens and introduced another means by which cities and towns might be run. â€Å"The effects of regression on rural economy were far-reaching. Labour was scarce and wages rose rapidly. In England and in Castile and elsewhere legislation was attempted to fix wages, but without success† (Nohl, 1926, p. 20). Workers, es pecially peasants who were finally making a decent wage, rebelled violently to suggested pay reductions and though the intent was sound, its affects were disastrous. At the same time that the Plague was decimating the population, the faith in the One Religion and changing the economic base of entire nations, the Catholic Church was engaged in an all-out war on itself. Pope Clement V declined to move to Rome when he was appointed in 1305 and moved the papacy to Avignon supposedly because of civil unrest in Rome, but more likely so he would be closer to the French monarchy he served (Menache, 2002). By 1378, this had become a problem. After struggling against a highly suspicious and

The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research papers

In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, there is a dominant/submissive relationship that exists between an oppressive husband and his submissive wife. This oppressive husband leads his wife from a state of depression to a state of insanity and finally, to a state of isolation. Had the husband not been so oppressive upon his wife, he could have realized her problem and resolved it without tearing himself away from her. The woman does not become insane because of the wallpaper alone; rather, it is the strict guidelines her husband sets for her that prompt her eventual insanity and isolation. As the story begins, the woman -- whose name we never learn -- tells of her depression and how it is dismissed by her husband and brother. "You see, he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical tendency -- what is one to do?" (Gilman 658). These two men, both doctors, are apparently unable to admit that there might be more to her condition than just stress and a slight nervous condition. Even when a summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband refuses to accept that she may have a real problem. Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant/submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allo...

Library Management System

Case study Computer Science Departmental Library By MERCY OKEOWO 08710007 FOR THE Award of Ordinary National Diploma In COMPUTER SCIENCE Of MOSHOOD ABIOLA POLYTECHNIC Abstracts Library management system is an aspect or branch of information management system that keeps the records of both the library users, books in the library and the activities that is going on in the library, activities like borrowing books and returning books. Information management in general is the collection and management of information from one or more source and distribution of the information to one or more audience.This sometimes involves those who a stake in or right to that information. Management means the organization of and control over the structure, processing, and delivery of information. In short information management entails organizing retrieving acquiring and maintaining information. It is closely related to and overlapping with the practice of data management. A good library manager must be a ble to take of the following activities in the library; †¢ Keep records of books in the library. †¢ Keep records of the library user. Keep track of books borrowed by any library user. †¢ Keep record of time a library user borrowed and return books. †¢ Do the following analysis after each day for decision making purpose ? Analysis of book borrowed by per day. ?Analysis of the type of book people requested for per day. ? Analysis of the author people read his/her book most per day. All the above analysis is needed due to the following reasons. ? To get the type of books people read most in the library to avoid congestion. To get the type of books from a particular author which people read most in the library so as to avoid congestion. INTRODUCTION Background to the study Information for the modern institution is a resource parallel in importance to land, and other factors of production. It is very vital and a prices less resources. For centuries, man has tried to c ollate, store, process and retrieve information and most importantly analysis of the data before distribute or communicate it by the available fast test mean.It follows, therefore that man has tried various ways and methods to record analyse and disseminate information in his attempts to proffer solution to low security of data, effective data communication, effective data analysis and lot more. Information therefore is data that have been processed into meaningful and usable form, and it contains knowledge that reduces uncertainly in particular situation and it is mostly useful in decision making. But unfortunately most people in this country do not have effective means of information management; the departmental library is a typical example of such.About The Old System Library is a place where books are kept are kept for student lecturers to come and read or borrow to their various home for reading, for the security of these books record of library user are needed to kept likewise record of available books in library are also needed to kept. The most important part of it is that the library attendant must keep record of who borrows and type of book some one borrowed along with the time in order to keep track of the book in library.For the improvement of library or updating of the library book, statistic or read and unread books are needed top kept so as to know which book to get more into the library, also to know which author the students or lecturer like to read their books and lot more. All the above activities are done manually; that is it involves someone writing down the name of the library users and list of books in the library, even to the extents of counting the number a book is read which can be in inaccurate which also exposes the book to risk of missing.The most disgusting thing is searching through the shelf for books to read which is done by manual library catalogue, this alone can discourage student from reading books in library where we have large number of books. Problem Statement and Motivation What motivated me to embark on this project is due to the following problem that is faced by the Computer Science Department Library. †¢ Searching through the library shelf for books to read will be boring and may not be encouraging. Searching through the record book to validate a library user may also be boring for the library keeper. †¢ Keeping tracks of borrowed books with the library user that borrowed it may not accurate which can lead to loss of books in the library. †¢ Conducting the analysis of books people read per day, analysis of author people read his/books per day may be difficult and inaccurate which affect the decision making of the library managers. †¢ Backing up of files or records may be very difficult because it can lead to repetitive task. Objective of the ResearchThe main objective of this research is to develop software (library Management Software) for the computer science department l ibrary which will be capable of managing the student information (library users) and the books in the library. The research is aimed at achieving the following objectives; †¢ To keep record of register student (library users). †¢ To improve the consistency of the information in the library. †¢ To improve the way analysis of books are conducted. †¢ To improve the security of information in the library. METHODOLOGY Information gatheringI gathered all the information above information by conducting an interview for the student (library user) and the library keeper. I chose to use java for developing the interfaces of the software and the database connectivity due to the following reasons; †¢ Java is platform independent programming language that can run on any type of operating system. †¢ Java is network programming language that can access over a network. †¢ Java is fast in execution. I have chose Microsoft Access Database for the database because of it flexibility and it easy access. Library Management System Case study Computer Science Departmental Library By MERCY OKEOWO 08710007 FOR THE Award of Ordinary National Diploma In COMPUTER SCIENCE Of MOSHOOD ABIOLA POLYTECHNIC Abstracts Library management system is an aspect or branch of information management system that keeps the records of both the library users, books in the library and the activities that is going on in the library, activities like borrowing books and returning books. Information management in general is the collection and management of information from one or more source and distribution of the information to one or more audience.This sometimes involves those who a stake in or right to that information. Management means the organization of and control over the structure, processing, and delivery of information. In short information management entails organizing retrieving acquiring and maintaining information. It is closely related to and overlapping with the practice of data management. A good library manager must be a ble to take of the following activities in the library; †¢ Keep records of books in the library. †¢ Keep records of the library user. Keep track of books borrowed by any library user. †¢ Keep record of time a library user borrowed and return books. †¢ Do the following analysis after each day for decision making purpose ? Analysis of book borrowed by per day. ?Analysis of the type of book people requested for per day. ? Analysis of the author people read his/her book most per day. All the above analysis is needed due to the following reasons. ? To get the type of books people read most in the library to avoid congestion. To get the type of books from a particular author which people read most in the library so as to avoid congestion. INTRODUCTION Background to the study Information for the modern institution is a resource parallel in importance to land, and other factors of production. It is very vital and a prices less resources. For centuries, man has tried to c ollate, store, process and retrieve information and most importantly analysis of the data before distribute or communicate it by the available fast test mean.It follows, therefore that man has tried various ways and methods to record analyse and disseminate information in his attempts to proffer solution to low security of data, effective data communication, effective data analysis and lot more. Information therefore is data that have been processed into meaningful and usable form, and it contains knowledge that reduces uncertainly in particular situation and it is mostly useful in decision making. But unfortunately most people in this country do not have effective means of information management; the departmental library is a typical example of such.About The Old System Library is a place where books are kept are kept for student lecturers to come and read or borrow to their various home for reading, for the security of these books record of library user are needed to kept likewise record of available books in library are also needed to kept. The most important part of it is that the library attendant must keep record of who borrows and type of book some one borrowed along with the time in order to keep track of the book in library.For the improvement of library or updating of the library book, statistic or read and unread books are needed top kept so as to know which book to get more into the library, also to know which author the students or lecturer like to read their books and lot more. All the above activities are done manually; that is it involves someone writing down the name of the library users and list of books in the library, even to the extents of counting the number a book is read which can be in inaccurate which also exposes the book to risk of missing.The most disgusting thing is searching through the shelf for books to read which is done by manual library catalogue, this alone can discourage student from reading books in library where we have large number of books. Problem Statement and Motivation What motivated me to embark on this project is due to the following problem that is faced by the Computer Science Department Library. †¢ Searching through the library shelf for books to read will be boring and may not be encouraging. Searching through the record book to validate a library user may also be boring for the library keeper. †¢ Keeping tracks of borrowed books with the library user that borrowed it may not accurate which can lead to loss of books in the library. †¢ Conducting the analysis of books people read per day, analysis of author people read his/books per day may be difficult and inaccurate which affect the decision making of the library managers. †¢ Backing up of files or records may be very difficult because it can lead to repetitive task. Objective of the ResearchThe main objective of this research is to develop software (library Management Software) for the computer science department l ibrary which will be capable of managing the student information (library users) and the books in the library. The research is aimed at achieving the following objectives; †¢ To keep record of register student (library users). †¢ To improve the consistency of the information in the library. †¢ To improve the way analysis of books are conducted. †¢ To improve the security of information in the library. METHODOLOGY Information gatheringI gathered all the information above information by conducting an interview for the student (library user) and the library keeper. I chose to use java for developing the interfaces of the software and the database connectivity due to the following reasons; †¢ Java is platform independent programming language that can run on any type of operating system. †¢ Java is network programming language that can access over a network. †¢ Java is fast in execution. I have chose Microsoft Access Database for the database because of it flexibility and it easy access.

A Fundamental Rule Of Networks - 1093 Words

At the very beginning of Chapter 15, Morillo states that â€Å" A fundamental rule about networks is that they carry far more than just material goods†. The whole period that Morillo calls the Late Agrarian Era (1500-1800) explores this idea that goods inevitably come with ideas and cultural practices attached to them. They have the ability to enter any cultural environment and change it completely. In this chapter Morillo divides the commodities into groups, and the three groups of commodities that I am going to discuss include â€Å" The Columbian Exchange†, â€Å"High value luxury goods † and â€Å"Human Commodities(slave trade)† The Columbian Exchange occurred when Columbus came to the Americas.The exchange involved a transaction between the American†¦show more content†¦Tobacco and chocolate were promoted as food, drinks, and drugs. Tobacco was said to cure scrofula, rheumatism and a good number of other ailments. Other crops including tomatoes spread despite being considered as being dangerous. Some other American crops that spread included maize, squash, peppers, and potatoes, these crops encouraged significant population growths in southern China from the seventeenth century and also became staple crops in northern Europe. The spreading of new crops and cattles affected the reshaping of local landscapes. This gave way for the introduction of new crops in different climates. Crops like wheat came from Europe and spread through the America’s and domestic animals like pigs, cattle, and horses. This shift in landscape was eminent in the Caribbean islands, where many indigenous animals went e xtinct along with the native people of the Island. Pigs, rats, sugarcane , coffee, and slave populations became the new inhabitants of the Caribbeans. The Columbian exchange influenced a networking world and simulated global commerce.Many of the world’s best local cuisines are a result of the columbian exchange, There was an introduction of hamburgers with ketchup, the chili peppers in Indian curries, pasta and tomato sauce etc.Some crops were easy to grow in multitudes of climates like potatoes. These crops did not bring a lot of people money, but spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, coriander and